Search
Close this search box.

Office Sheds for Backyard: A Comprehensive Guide

Get a Free Quote

In today’s fast-paced world, the lines between work and home life are increasingly blurred, making it essential for many professionals to carve out dedicated workspaces that foster productivity and creativity. Enter the office shed—a versatile solution that combines the charm of a garden shed with the functionality of a modern workspace. Whether you’re a remote worker, a budding entrepreneur, or simply someone looking to escape the distractions of household chores, an office shed can provide the perfect sanctuary right in your backyard.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the concept of office sheds, their myriad benefits, and how you can plan, design, and maintain your own personal workspace. From enhancing your work-life balance to boosting productivity and allowing for a personalized work environment, we’ll delve into the reasons why investing in an office shed might be one of the best decisions you make for your career and well-being. So, let’s embark on this journey of transforming your backyard into a haven of inspiration and efficiency!

Understanding the Concept: What is an Office Shed?

An office shed is a detached structure, often found in residential backyards, that serves as a dedicated workspace outside the main home. These versatile spaces can range from simple, rustic designs to fully equipped, modern offices, enabling homeowners to create a work environment tailored to their specific needs and preferences.

Key Features of Office Sheds

  1. Size and Design: Office sheds come in various sizes, from compact models that can fit into tight spaces to larger structures that can accommodate multiple workstations. You can choose designs that complement your home’s architecture, whether it’s a contemporary style with sleek finishes or a charming, rustic look with wooden exteriors.

  2. Functionality: Unlike standard garden sheds, office sheds are designed primarily for work. They are often equipped with electrical outlets, high-speed internet connections, heating, and cooling systems, and other amenities that make them suitable for full-time use.

  3. Accessibility: One of the major advantages of an office shed is its accessibility. Located in your backyard, it allows for a quick transition from home life to work life without the need for a lengthy commute. You can step into your office in mere minutes, maximizing your productivity while minimizing distractions.

  4. Customization: Office sheds can be customized to reflect your personal style and specific work requirements. From ergonomic furniture to soundproofing and aesthetic decor, the options are nearly limitless. This customization can lead to a more enjoyable and effective working environment.

  5. Sustainability: Many modern office sheds are constructed with eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient designs. This not only reduces the environmental footprint but can also result in lower energy costs over time. Homeowners can opt for features like solar panels, rainwater harvesting systems, and sustainable building materials to enhance the sustainability of their office shed.

Common Uses for Office Sheds

Office sheds can serve a variety of purposes, depending on the individual’s needs:

  • Remote Work: With the rise of remote work, many professionals are seeking dedicated spaces to separate their work from their personal lives. An office shed can provide a quiet, focused environment for tasks ranging from conference calls to deep work sessions.

  • Creative Studios: Artists, writers, and musicians can transform their office sheds into creative studios. These spaces can be designed for painting, writing, recording, or crafting, offering a distraction-free zone that encourages inspiration.

  • Small Business Operations: Entrepreneurs can utilize office sheds as the headquarters for their small businesses. Whether it’s an e-commerce shop, a consultancy, or a freelance operation, having a dedicated workspace can help establish professionalism and organization.

  • Hobby Spaces: Beyond work, office sheds can also serve as dedicated hobby spaces for activities like woodworking, sewing, or gardening. They can be customized to include storage for tools and supplies, making it easy to pursue passions.

Conclusion

In summary, an office shed represents a unique and practical solution for those looking to create a functional workspace away from the distractions of the home. With the ability to customize and design these structures to suit individual needs, an office shed can be a valuable addition to any backyard, promoting productivity, creativity, and work-life balance. Whether you’re considering this option for remote work, creative endeavors, or small business operations, understanding the concept of office sheds is the first step toward transforming your backyard into an effective workspace.

Benefits of Having an Office Shed in Your Backyard

The decision to invest in an office shed can yield numerous advantages that enhance both your professional and personal life. As the trend of remote work continues to rise, understanding the benefits of a dedicated workspace in your backyard is crucial for maximizing productivity, fostering creativity, and improving overall well-being. Below, we explore the key benefits of having an office shed in your backyard.

Enhanced Work-life Balance

One of the primary benefits of an office shed is the ability to create a clear boundary between work and home life. When you work from home, it can be challenging to separate your professional responsibilities from personal activities, leading to potential burnout. An office shed provides a dedicated space that signals to your brain when it’s time to work and when it’s time to relax.

By stepping into your office shed, you can mentally shift into “work mode,” making it easier to concentrate on tasks without the distractions of household chores, family activities, or other interruptions. After your work hours are over, closing the door on your office shed allows you to leave work behind, promoting a healthier work-life balance.

Increased Productivity

Having a dedicated workspace can significantly boost productivity. Office sheds are designed to minimize distractions and provide an environment conducive to focused work. By customizing your shed to meet your specific needs—such as the right lighting, ergonomic furniture, and soundproofing—you can create a space that enhances concentration and efficiency.

Furthermore, office sheds can be personalized to suit your workflow. Whether you prefer an open layout for collaborative work or a more enclosed space for solitary tasks, having control over your environment can lead to better performance and higher-quality work. This increased productivity can be particularly beneficial for freelancers, entrepreneurs, and remote employees who must stay motivated and organized.

Personalized Workspace

An office shed allows you to design your workspace exactly how you want it. You can choose the layout, decor, and furnishings that resonate with your personal style and work preferences. This level of customization can lead to a more enjoyable and inspiring work environment.

Whether you prefer a minimalist aesthetic, a vibrant and colorful setup, or a cozy, rustic feel, the possibilities are endless. You can incorporate elements that make you feel comfortable and motivated, such as artwork, plants, or personal memorabilia. This personalized touch can contribute to a positive mindset and overall job satisfaction.

Saves Commute Time

For many professionals, commuting can consume valuable time each day. An office shed eliminates the need for a lengthy commute, allowing you to utilize that time more effectively. Instead of spending hours stuck in traffic or on public transportation, you can walk just a few steps to your backyard and immediately begin your workday.

This time-saving aspect can also lead to greater flexibility in your schedule. You may find that you have more time for exercise, family activities, or even an extra hour of sleep, all of which can contribute to a healthier lifestyle. Additionally, the reduction in commute-related stress can positively impact your mental health and overall well-being.

Cost-effectiveness

Investing in an office shed can be a cost-effective alternative to renting office space or co-working facilities. For freelancers and small business owners, the expenses of leasing an office can add up quickly. By creating a workspace in your backyard, you can save on rent, utilities, and commuting costs.

Moreover, many office sheds can be built or purchased at varying price points, making it accessible for a wide range of budgets. With proper planning and design, you can create a functional and aesthetically pleasing workspace without breaking the bank. Over time, the savings from not having to rent an external office can offset the initial investment in your office shed.

Increased Property Value

A well-designed office shed can enhance the overall value of your property. As more buyers seek flexible work-from-home solutions, having a functional office space on your property can be an attractive feature. This additional living space can appeal to prospective buyers, particularly those who work remotely or run small businesses from home.

When planning your office shed, consider its design and functionality to ensure it adds value to your property. High-quality materials and thoughtful design elements can contribute to a positive perception of your home’s overall worth.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the benefits of having an office shed in your backyard are multifaceted, ranging from enhanced work-life balance and increased productivity to cost savings and property value enhancement. As remote work becomes increasingly prevalent, creating a dedicated workspace can be a significant asset for professionals seeking to thrive in their careers while maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Whether you’re looking to escape household distractions, foster creativity, or simply have a space tailored to your needs, an office shed can be a transformative addition to your home.

Planning and Designing Your Office Shed

Planning and designing your office shed is a crucial step in ensuring that it meets your needs and enhances your productivity. This section will guide you through the essential considerations and steps involved in creating the perfect workspace in your backyard.

Decide the Purpose and Size of the Shed

The first step in planning your office shed is to define its primary purpose. Are you looking for a quiet space to work from home, a creative studio, or perhaps a hub for your small business? Understanding the specific function of your office shed will help you determine the size and layout that best suits your needs.

  1. Assess Your Space: Take a look at your backyard and evaluate the available space. Consider factors like accessibility, sunlight exposure, and proximity to your home. Ensure that the area you choose provides enough room for the shed itself, as well as any outdoor seating or landscaping you might want to incorporate.

  2. Determine Size Requirements: Depending on your intended use, size requirements can vary significantly. A simple desk setup might only require a small shed of around 100 square feet, while a studio for art or music might necessitate a more spacious design. Think about how many workstations you need, any additional storage, and the types of equipment or furniture you plan to include.

Choosing the Right Style and Design

Once you’ve determined the purpose and size of your office shed, it’s time to think about the design. The aesthetic of your shed should harmonize with your home and the overall landscape of your backyard.

  1. Architectural Style: Consider the architectural style of your home. If you live in a modern house, you might opt for a sleek, contemporary design with large windows and clean lines. Conversely, a rustic cottage might benefit from a traditional wooden shed with a pitched roof and charming details.

  2. Materials: The materials you choose for your office shed will affect its durability, insulation, and maintenance. Common materials include wood, metal, and vinyl. Wood offers a classic look but may require more upkeep, while metal is low-maintenance and sturdy. Choose materials that not only fit your style but also suit your climate.

  3. Windows and Natural Light: Consider the placement of windows to maximize natural light and ventilation. Natural light can significantly improve your mood and productivity levels. Depending on your privacy needs, strategically placed windows can provide a view of your backyard while minimizing distractions.

  4. Sustainability Options: If you’re environmentally conscious, consider sustainable design options, such as solar panels, rainwater harvesting systems, and energy-efficient windows. These features can lower your environmental impact and may even lead to long-term savings on utility bills.

Planning the Interior for Maximum Efficiency

The interior of your office shed is where the magic happens, and careful planning is essential for creating a space that fosters productivity and comfort.

  1. Layout: Plan the layout to optimize your workflow. Identify your primary work activities and arrange furniture and equipment accordingly. For example, if you frequently collaborate with others, you may want a larger table or multiple workstations. If you require a quiet space for focused tasks, a more enclosed layout may be beneficial.

  2. Furniture Selection: Choose ergonomic furniture that supports your health and comfort. A quality desk and chair are essential, but consider adding shelves, storage units, or filing cabinets to keep your workspace organized. Personal touches, like decorative items or plants, can also enhance the atmosphere.

  3. Technology and Wiring: Ensure that your shed is equipped with the necessary technology to support your work. This includes electrical outlets for computers, printers, and other devices, as well as reliable internet access. Plan for cable management to keep cords organized and prevent clutter.

  4. Insulation and Climate Control: Depending on your climate, insulation will be critical for maintaining a comfortable temperature year-round. Consider installing heating and cooling systems, such as portable heaters or air conditioning units, to ensure your office shed remains a pleasant working environment, regardless of the season.

Conclusion

Planning and designing your office shed involves careful consideration of its purpose, size, style, and interior layout. By taking the time to thoughtfully assess each of these elements, you can create a workspace that not only meets your functional needs but also inspires and motivates you. From choosing the right materials to optimizing the interior for efficiency, a well-planned office shed can transform your backyard into a productive haven.

Building the Office Shed

Building your office shed is an exciting project that can significantly enhance your home workspace. This section will outline the essential steps involved in constructing your shed, from preparation to installation, ensuring that the final product meets your needs and expectations.

Preparing the Ground

Before you can begin building your office shed, it’s crucial to prepare the ground where it will be situated. Proper preparation will ensure a stable foundation and longevity for your structure.

  1. Site Selection: Choose the optimal location in your backyard, considering factors such as sunlight, shade, accessibility, and proximity to your home. Ensure the site is level and away from any potential hazards like falling branches or flooding.

  2. Clearing the Area: Remove any grass, debris, rocks, or other obstructions from the chosen site. This may require using tools like a shovel, rake, or even a small excavator for larger areas. Ensure that the ground is as flat and level as possible.

  3. Foundation Options: Depending on your shed’s design and local climate, you can choose from various foundation options, including concrete slabs, wooden skids, or gravel pads. Each option has its pros and cons:

  4. Concrete Slab: A solid and durable choice that can support heavy loads, ideal for larger sheds.
  5. Wooden Skids: Suitable for smaller sheds, allowing for easier movement if needed.
  6. Gravel Pad: Cost-effective and allows for good drainage, but may not be as stable as other options.

Choosing the Right Materials

Selecting the appropriate materials for your office shed is essential for durability, aesthetics, and functionality. Here are some key material considerations:

  1. Framing and Structure: Most office sheds are framed using wood, metal, or a combination of both. Wooden frames are common for their ease of construction and insulation properties, while metal frames offer strength and low maintenance.

  2. Exterior Cladding: The exterior material determines the shed’s appearance and weather resistance. Popular options include:

  3. Wood: Offers a classic look and can be painted or stained for aesthetics.
  4. Vinyl: Low maintenance and resistant to pests, but may lack the rustic appeal.
  5. Metal: Extremely durable and often used in modern designs, but requires insulation for temperature control.

  6. Roofing: Choose roofing materials that will withstand the elements in your area. Options include asphalt shingles, metal roofing, or even green roofs for an eco-friendly touch. Ensure your roof design allows for proper drainage and snow load if applicable.

Installing Insulation and Power Supply

To create a comfortable working environment, you’ll need to consider insulation and power supply during the construction process.

  1. Insulation: Proper insulation helps regulate temperature and sound, making your office shed more comfortable year-round. Depending on your climate, consider using fiberglass batts, foam board, or spray foam insulation in your walls and roof. Ensure that the insulation is installed correctly to maximize effectiveness.

  2. Electrical Wiring: If you plan to use electrical outlets for lighting, computers, and other devices, it’s essential to incorporate electrical wiring during the building process. Consider hiring a licensed electrician to ensure that all electrical work meets local codes and safety standards. Plan for enough outlets and switches to accommodate your needs and consider installing energy-efficient LED lighting to reduce energy consumption.

  3. Heating and Cooling: Depending on your climate, you may want to install a heating or cooling system. Options range from portable heaters and air conditioning units to more permanent solutions like mini-split systems. Ensure proper ventilation to maintain air quality and comfort.

Furnishing the Interior

Once the structural elements of your office shed are in place, it’s time to furnish the interior to create a functional and inspiring workspace.

  1. Choosing Furniture: Invest in ergonomic furniture that supports good posture and comfort during long work hours. This includes a quality desk, chair, and any additional storage options like shelves or cabinets. Select furniture that fits your style and the overall design of the shed.

  2. Organizing Your Space: Layout your furniture and equipment efficiently to promote productivity. Consider the flow of movement and accessibility to essential items. Use organizers, filing cabinets, and shelves to keep your workspace tidy and clutter-free.

  3. Aesthetic Touches: Personalize your office shed with decor that inspires you. This can include artwork, plants, or decorative items that reflect your personality. A well-decorated space can enhance your mood and creativity, making your office shed a place where you enjoy spending time.

Conclusion

Building an office shed involves careful planning and execution, from site preparation to selecting materials and furnishing the interior. By following these steps, you can create a dedicated workspace that meets your needs and enhances your productivity. The effort you invest in building your office shed will pay off in the form of a functional, comfortable, and personalized space that allows you to thrive in your work endeavors.

Maintaining Your Office Shed

Maintaining your office shed is essential for ensuring its longevity, functionality, and aesthetic appeal. Regular upkeep can prevent minor issues from escalating into significant problems, allowing you to enjoy your workspace for years to come. This section will explore key maintenance practices, including cleaning, insulation care, pest protection, and repair tips.

Regular Cleaning

Keeping your office shed clean not only enhances its appearance but also contributes to a healthier work environment. Here are some cleaning tips to consider:

  1. Dust and Declutter: Regularly dust surfaces, shelves, and equipment to prevent the buildup of dirt and allergens. Set aside time weekly or bi-weekly to declutter your workspace, organizing papers and supplies to maintain an efficient environment.

  2. Floor Care: Depending on the flooring material (wood, laminate, carpet, etc.), use appropriate cleaning methods. For wooden floors, consider sweeping and using a damp mop, while carpets may benefit from vacuuming and occasional deep cleaning.

  3. Window Maintenance: Clean windows inside and out to maximize natural light. Use a glass cleaner or a vinegar-water solution for streak-free results. Regularly check window seals and frames for any signs of wear or damage.

  4. Exterior Cleaning: Depending on the materials used, regularly wash the exterior of your shed to remove dirt, mold, and mildew. For wooden sheds, consider power washing and reapplying paint or stain every few years to protect against weather damage.

Insulating for Winter

Proper insulation is crucial for maintaining a comfortable temperature in your office shed, particularly during colder months. Here are some steps to keep your shed warm and efficient:

  1. Check Insulation Integrity: Periodically inspect insulation in walls and the roof for any signs of damage or moisture. If you notice sagging or damp areas, replacing the insulation may be necessary.

  2. Seal Gaps and Cracks: Inspect windows, doors, and any potential gaps where heat could escape. Use weather stripping or caulk to seal these areas, which can help maintain a consistent indoor temperature and lower heating costs.

  3. Heating System Maintenance: If your office shed has a heating system, ensure it is functioning correctly before winter begins. Schedule annual maintenance for heating units, and replace filters regularly to ensure efficient operation.

Protecting from Pests

Pests can be a significant issue for structures that are not properly maintained. Here are some preventative measures to keep your office shed pest-free:

  1. Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections for signs of pests, such as droppings, nests, or gnaw marks. Pay close attention to corners, ceilings, and areas near windows and doors.

  2. Seal Entry Points: Inspect your shed for cracks, gaps, or holes that could allow pests to enter. Seal any openings with appropriate materials, such as caulk or steel wool, to deter unwanted visitors.

  3. Maintain Cleanliness: Keep food and organic materials out of your office shed to minimize attraction for pests. Store any supplies in sealed containers, and promptly dispose of any trash.

  4. Natural Deterrents: Consider using natural pest deterrents, such as essential oils or traps, to keep your office shed pest-free without resorting to harsh chemicals.

Repair and Maintenance Tips

  1. Address Issues Promptly: If you notice any damage or wear, address it as soon as possible. Whether it’s a leaky roof, a broken window, or a malfunctioning electrical outlet, timely repairs can prevent further damage and costly fixes down the line.

  2. Annual Inspections: Perform an annual inspection of your office shed to assess its overall condition. Check the roof, siding, foundation, and interior for any signs of wear or damage. Create a maintenance checklist to ensure you cover all critical areas.

  3. Consider Professional Help: For significant repairs or maintenance tasks beyond your skill level, consider hiring a professional. This may include electrical work, plumbing, or structural repairs. Investing in expert help can ensure the longevity and safety of your office shed.

  4. Update and Upgrade: As your needs and preferences evolve, consider making updates or upgrades to your office shed. This could include adding more storage, enhancing technology, or even expanding the space if necessary.

Conclusion

Maintaining your office shed is vital for preserving its functionality, comfort, and aesthetic appeal. By implementing regular cleaning routines, ensuring proper insulation, protecting against pests, and promptly addressing repairs, you can create a sustainable workspace that continues to inspire productivity. With these maintenance practices, your office shed can remain a cherished part of your backyard for years to come, providing a personal haven for work, creativity, and relaxation.

Share the Post:

Related Posts

Our Service Areas - We Build Backyard Sheds Nationwide!

Yucaipa

Service Area: Yucaipa Yucaipa, California, is a scenic city nestled in the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains. With its mild weather, stunning landscapes, and

Angels Camp

Service Area: Angels Camp Located in Calaveras County, California, Angels Camp is an idyllic town known for its rich Gold Rush history, stunning landscapes, and

San Bruno

Service Area: San Bruno Why Backyard Office Sheds Are Perfect for San Bruno’s Climate and Lifestyle Located in the heart of California, San Bruno boasts

Chino Hills

Service Area: Chino Hills Chino Hills, California, is a beautiful city known for its pleasant climate and unique lifestyle. One trend that is becoming increasingly

Citrus Heights

Service Area: Citrus Heights Located in sunny California, Citrus Heights is an ideal location for homeowners considering the addition of a backyard office shed. This

Daly City

Service Area: Daly City Known for its mild climate and vibrant lifestyle, Daly City, California, is a hub of activity. But for those seeking a

Coachella

“ Service Area: Coachella – The Perfect Spot for Backyard Office Sheds In the sunny and vibrant city of Coachella, California, more and more people

Diamond Bar

“ Service Area: Diamond Bar Located in the sun-soaked state of California, Diamond Bar has emerged as one of the best places to set up

Stockton

Service Area: Stockton As the trend of remote work continues to rise, many professionals are ditching the traditional office space for something more personal and

Hesperia

“ Service Area: Hesperia – Your Perfect Backyard Office Shed Solution Known for its unique desert climate and laid-back lifestyle, Hesperia, California, offers an excellent

Rialto

Service Area: Rialto Rialto, California, with its warm Mediterranean climate and laid-back lifestyle, is the perfect setting for backyard office sheds. These standalone structures offer

Monrovia

Service Area: Monrovia Why Backyard Office Sheds Are Perfect For Monrovia’s Climate and Lifestyle With the prevalence of remote work in today’s society, backyard office

Temecula

Service Area: Temecula Backyard Office Sheds – A Perfect Match for Temecula’s Climate and Lifestyle With its Mediterranean climate, Temecula, California, is an excellent location

Chowchilla

Service Area: Chowchilla In Chowchilla, California, the emergence of backyard office sheds is a trend that reflects the area’s unique climate, lifestyle, and architectural style.

Santa Rosa

Service Area: Santa Rosa Located in the heart of Sonoma County, Santa Rosa, California, is known for its vibrant lifestyle, wine country beauty, and a

Truckee

Service Area: Truckee Located in the heart of California, Truckee is a haven for those who love the outdoors, adventure, and a relaxed lifestyle. Its

Los Gatos

Service Area: Los Gatos Los Gatos, California, is a vibrant and unique community nestled in the heart of Silicon Valley. The town is well known

Lafayette

Service Area: Lafayette Introduction In recent years, backyard office sheds have emerged as a popular trend amongst professionals, especially in cities like Lafayette, California. Not

Coronado

“ Service Area: Coronado Located in sunny California, Coronado is a beautiful and vibrant city that is an ideal location for those seeking a favorable

Fullerton

“ Service Area: Fullerton Fullerton, California, a city known for its vibrant music scene, diverse culture, and unique architecture, is also an ideal location for

Delano

Service Area: Delano Delano, California, is known for its warm climate, agricultural abundance, and a slow-paced lifestyle that’s perfect for people seeking balance and tranquility.

Tustin

Service Area: Tustin Are you considering a backyard office shed in Tustin, California? If so, it’s a wise choice! The climate and lifestyle of Tustin

Bishop

Service Area: Bishop – Your Ultimate Guide to Backyard Office Sheds Imagine a personal workspace just a few steps away from your home, nestled in

Orinda

Service Area: Orinda Orinda, California, with its Mediterranean climate and picturesque hillside setting, is an ideal location for backyard office sheds. These innovative spaces offer

Wheatland

Service Area: Wheatland Why Backyard Office Sheds are Perfect for Wheatland’s Climate and Lifestyle Located in the heart of California, Wheatland provides an ideal environment

Rio Vista

Service Area: Rio Vista Why Backyard Office Sheds Are Perfect for Rio Vista’s Climate and Lifestyle Rio Vista, located in the beautiful state of California,

Garden Grove

Service Area: Garden Grove For residents of Garden Grove, California, backyard office sheds are becoming an increasingly popular option. They offer an excellent solution for

San Pablo

Service Area: San Pablo Situated in the heart of the San Francisco Bay Area, San Pablo, California, provides an ideal climate and lifestyle for backyard

San Leandro

Service Area: San Leandro In the beautiful city of San Leandro, California, the concept of backyard office sheds is rapidly gaining popularity. The mild climate

Eastvale

Service Area: Eastvale Located in sunny Southern California, Eastvale is an ideal location for the modern trend of backyard office sheds. These backyard gems not

Porterville

Service Area: Porterville – Backyard Office Sheds Backyard office sheds are gaining popularity all across the nation, and Porterville, California is no exception. With the

Dublin

Service Area: Dublin The Perfect Solution: Backyard Office Sheds in Dublin, California Backyard office sheds are increasingly becoming a popular choice among homeowners in Dublin,

Paradise

Service Area: Paradise Located in the heart of California, the town of Paradise offers a unique blend of vibrant lifestyle, natural beauty, and a comfortable

Barstow

Service Area: Barstow In the bustling city of Barstow, California, remote work has become an increasingly popular trend. With a growing number of professionals opting

San Francisco

Service Area: San Francisco The Perfect Solution: Backyard Office Sheds in San Francisco With a unique combination of city life and breathtaking natural beauty, San

Glendale

Service Area: Glendale Why Backyard Office Sheds are Perfect for Glendale’s Climate and Lifestyle Backyard office sheds are gaining popularity in Glendale, California, due to